rs12255372 — TCF7L2 Intron 4 (G>T)
Risk factor · ~27% global allele frequency (T allele)
rs12255372 in TCF7L2 is the strongest common genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes, with an odds ratio of ~1.4 per T allele. Discovered in the landmark 2006 Grant et al. Nature Genetics study, it has been replicated across all major ethnic groups.
Molecular Mechanism
TCF7L2 is a transcription factor in the Wnt signaling pathway that regulates incretin hormone (GLP-1, GIP) expression and pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. The risk allele likely alters alternative splicing, reducing GLP-1 secretion and impairing glucose-stimulated insulin release.
Peptide Therapeutic Relevance
GLP-1 receptor agonist peptides (semaglutide, liraglutide, tirzepatide) are blockbuster therapeutics for diabetes and obesity. PepFold generates novel peptide candidates in this validated therapeutic class.
Gene: TCF7L2 (Transcription Factor 7-Like 2)
Key transcription factor in the Wnt signaling pathway. Regulates incretin hormone expression (GLP-1, GIP) and pancreatic beta-cell proliferation and function.
Chromosome 10q25.2
Condition: Type 2 Diabetes
A metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction. TCF7L2 variants are the strongest common genetic risk factors. GLP-1 receptor agonist peptides have revolutionized treatment.
Prevalence: ~537 million adults worldwide (IDF 2021), ~10.5% of global adult population
Related Variants
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